Psychological – Religion – KidneyPal

Religion

Psychological Domain

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Psychological

In the Psychological Domain, the sociodemographics that were moderately correlated were educational attainment and occupational status. These two factors had a stronger relationship to psychological quality of life (QoL) compared to the other variables, which showed only weak correlations.

Individuals with higher education or stable, fulfilling work are better equipped to handle the emotional challenges of long-term treatment. Education can improve health literacy and self-confidence, while meaningful work provides structure, social connection, and a sense of purpose. Together, these factors play a powerful role in helping patients maintain a positive mindset and emotional resilience throughout their treatment journey.

Religion

A system of beliefs and practices tied to spiritual well-being. (WHO, 2021)

General Interventions

(For age, sex, marital status, household income, comorbidities)

1. You should engage in spiritual practices

This includes prayer, meditation, or reflection to nurture your sense of connection (Sharma, 2024, p. 433).

2. You should find comfort in community worship or religious gatherings

Do this if it aligns with your beliefs.

3. You should explore your spiritual beliefs and values

This is to foster a sense of peace and meaning in your life (Sharma, 2024, p. 434).

Educational Attainment-Based: Lower Formal Education

1. You should engage in simple acts of faith, such as praying or attending church, to feel supported spiritually.

Faith practices can provide comfort and emotional support. (Bradshaw & Kent, 2023).

2. You should talk to a spiritual leader or trusted community member if you have spiritual concerns or questions

Having someone to discuss your spiritual journey can bring peace and clarity. (Nguyen, 2024).

3. You should find spiritual meaning in everyday experiences, like nature walks or quiet reflection.

Small moments of connection with the world around you can nourish your spiritual well-being. (Pritchard et al., 2020).

Educational Attainment-Based: Higher Formal Education

1. You should read spiritual or philosophical texts to explore your beliefs more deeply.

Reading about different perspectives can foster spiritual growth. (Larson et al., 2024)

2. You should join a spiritual group or discussion forum to share experiences and strengthen your faith.

Group interactions can deepen your understanding and help you feel supported spiritually. (Froese et al., 2024).

3. You should practice mindful reflection on your spiritual journey, considering your values and the meaning you find in life.

Reflection helps clarify spiritual beliefs and fosters a sense of peace. (Hanner, 2024).

Occupational Status-Based: Unemployed

1. You should use your time to engage in spiritual activities such as prayer or volunteering for a cause that aligns with your values.

Spiritual fulfillment can provide a sense of purpose and reduce feelings of isolation. (Jenkinson et al., 2013)

2. You should find a spiritual community that supports you in your beliefs, whether online or in person

Having a community helps nurture your spiritual health and provides emotional support. (Mahmud et al., 2023).

3. You should take time to reflect on your spiritual journey and how it impacts your life

Reflection helps provide clarity and peace of mind during challenging times. (Baker & Watson, 2024)

Occupational Status-Based: Employed

1. You should make time for spiritual practices outside of work hours, like attending religious services or engaging in personal prayer

Regular spiritual practices can provide balance and calm amidst a busy schedule. (Wnuk, 2022)

2. You should speak with a spiritual mentor or counselor if work stress or life challenges are causing spiritual distress.

Seeking guidance can help restore peace and clarity. (Robina-Ramirez et al., 2021)

3. You should engage in acts of service or charity as part of your spiritual practice, even if it’s on a small scale.

Helping others fosters a sense of connection and fulfillment. (Nichol et al., 2023)

References

● NANDA International. (2021). NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification, 16th Edition.+
● Sharma, R. (2024). Spiritual psychology: Unveiling the way to inner transformation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 11(7), 432-435. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117018585/JETIR2407449-libre.pdf?1721888085=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DSpiritual_Psychology_Unveiling_the_Way_t.pdf&Expires=1751988841&Signature=RR6qkKDthnAtxl9uaNmqYyvhMh4v0LN5cPFPhCGofN~ZbYs0Uaucyl6bKL14dVmNOkIxJTSSqzQgqpTvpaY1is3uhscrz9BmAezw0IS1xV3iKGUxlq5zTji8pptZflBjfnI5lv7TGIkUX7ySG~wKsFMiZLRtwsMYYCixxzuBfK0w9PINeHOwgZWkRPIZXvuJRleZiirT6kovn77ztQT2aCXQpoVgm9tVk3rjWpnMhhHEXVn1zK-Av~LHs4j7XUKRJj0SJALin1ahK6Sdbh2vCKgV0dWPjHezNfEUkI0x9VUS-~Hj2PdwTsHSOTMOEIrZ6fS8wjbE0ux2Y5-jAxRAPg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
● Bradshaw, M., & Kent, L. (2023). Prayer, attachment to God, and symptoms of anxiety-related disorders among U.S. adults. Sociology of Religion. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srad021
● Nguyen, J. (2024, April 5). A complete guide to Buddhist meditation: principles, techniques, and benefits. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/buddhist-meditation-8619603?utm_source
● Pritchard, A., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., & McEwan, K. (2020). The relationship between nature connectedness and well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101495
● Larson, D. B., Larson, S. S., & Koenig, H. G. (2024). Religious involvement and mental health outcomes: A nine-year longitudinal study. Journal of Religion and Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02121-5
● Froese, P., Bonhag, R., Uecker, J., Andersson, M., & Upenieks, L. (2024). Prayer and mental well-being in the United States: An overview of original and comprehensive prayer data. Journal of Religion and Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02121-5
● Hanner, O. (2024b). Mindfulness meditation and the Meaning of life. Mindfulness, 15(9), 2372–2385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02404-8
● Jenkinson, C. E., Dickens, A. P., Jones, K., Thompson‑Coon, J., Taylor, R. S., Rogers, M., & Richards, S. H. (2013). Is volunteering a public health intervention? A systematic review and meta-analysis of health and survival benefits. BMC Public Health, 13, 773. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-773
● Mahmud, A., Smith, J. H., & Holloway, S. (2023). Religion, spirituality, and mental health among professionals during the pandemic: A four-country study. Zygon Journal of Religion & Science, 58(4), 815–837. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12912
● Baker, L. R., & Watson, P. J. (2024). Reflective practices in spiritual well-being: Awareness, balance, and peace. Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing. Retrieved from https://csh.umn.edu/academics/whole-systems-healing/reflective-practices
● Wnuk, M. (2022). Are religious practices indirectly related to stress at work through the tendency to forgive? A sample of Polish employees. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(3), 2259–2275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01710-6
● Robina-Ramírez, R., Medina-Merodio, J. A., Estriegana, R., Sánchez-Oro, M., & Castro-Serrano, J. (2021). Stress at work: Can the spiritual dimension reduce it? An approach from the banking sector. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715884
● Nichol, B., Wilson, R., Rodrigues, A., & Haighton, C. (2023). Exploring the effects of volunteering on social, mental, and physical well-being: An umbrella review. BMC Public Health, 23, 395. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370527791_Exploring_the_Effects_of_Volunteering_on_the_Social_Mental_and_Physical_Health_and_Well-being_of_Volunteers_An_Umbrella_Review