Physical – Sleep – KidneyPal

Sleep

physical domain

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Physical

In the Physical Domain, the sociodemographics that were moderately correlated were educational attainment and occupational status. These two factors had a stronger relationship to physical quality of life (QoL) compared to the other variables, which showed only weak correlations.

Educational attainment and Occupational status correlated moderately to the physical domain. Educational attainment is linked to physical quality of life, with higher levels of education often leading to better physical well-being. This stems from improved health literacy, greater access to resources, and informed decision-making regarding lifestyle and treatment. Educated individuals are more effective at managing health conditions like Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), adhering to treatment, and maintaining healthier routines. Occupational status underscores the positive impact of employment on their well-being. Stable jobs enhance access to healthcare, financial security, and structured routines, all contributing to better health outcomes.

Sleep

Sleep is a natural, cyclical state of rest that restores physical and mental function, essential for maintaining energy, mood, and overall well-being (NANDA International, 2021).

General Interventions

(For age, sex, marital status, household income, comorbidities)

1. You should limit screen time at least 1 hour before sleep

This will help you reduce mental stimulation and improves melatonin production (Gardiner et al., 2023b)

2. You are encouraged to avoid caffeine or heavy meals before bedtime

Minimizes sleep disruption and improves restfulness (Gardiner et al., 2023b)

3. You are encouraged to avoid long daytime naps, especially in the afternoon

This will help you feel sleepy at night and reduce sleep latency (Gardiner et al., 2023b)

Occupational Status-Based Interventions: Employed

1. Separate workspace from the bedroom.

To train the brain to associate bed with rest (NANDA International, 2021).

2. Practice brief meditations during breaks.

To reduce stress that may affect sleep quality (Michaelsen et al., 2023).

3. Adjust sleep times gradually in anticipation of shift changes.

To avoid circadian disruption (Verve Behavioral Health IOP, 2024).

Occupational Status-Based Teachings: Unemployed

1. Avoid long naps and stick to a fixed bedtime routine.

- To reset your sleep-wake cycle (NANDA International, 2021).

2. Use relaxation music or nature sounds before bedtime.

To induce restful sleep (National Institute on Aging, 2025).

3. Create visual reminders in the bedroom (e.g., “No coffee after 5 PM”).

To reinforce sleep hygiene (NANDA International, 2021).

Educational Attainment-Based Teachings: Higher Education

1. Use sleep tracking applications.

To monitor patterns and optimize routines (Zainal & Newman, 2023).

2. Set up a “wind-down hour” with blue-light blockers and calming activities.

To relax oneself and sleep easy afterwards (Fisher & Budson, 2025).

3. Avoid late-night news or stimulating conversations that delay sleep.

- To prevent sleep disturbance (National Institute on Aging, 2025).

Educational Attainment-Based Teachings: Limited Formal Education

1. Follow audio-guided sleep meditations (in local dialects if available).

For easy comprehension and to sleep easily (NANDA International, 2021).

2. Practice breathing exercises with verbal instructions from a family member.

To relax oneself before sleeping and sleep easily (Zainal & Newman, 2023).

3. Post drawings of a bedtime routine sequence on the bedroom wall for reinforcement (e.g., bath → prayer → bed).

Helps reinforce sleep habits visually, making it easier for individuals with limited literacy to follow a consistent and calming nightly routine (NANDA International, 2021).

References

● NANDA International. (2021). NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification, 16th Edition.
● National Institute on Aging. (2025). Exercise and physical activity: How to get started. https://www.nia.nih.gov
● Gardiner, C., Weakley, J., Burke, L. M., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Townshend, A., & Halson, S. L. (2023b). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 69(101764), 101764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
● Zhang, Y., Wen, Z., Zhu, Y., & Guan, G. (2024). Effects of physical exercise on body esteem. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20861-7
● Albulescu, P., et al. (2022). Micro-breaks for increasing well-being and performance. PLOS ONE, 17(8), e0272460.
● Michaelsen, M. M., et al. (2023). Mindfulness-based workplace interventions. Mindfulness, 14(6), 1271–1304.
● Verve Behavioral Health IOP. (2024). How to Deal with Stress at Work. https://vervebh.com/how-to-deal-with-stress-at-work
● Hochstein, R. E., et al. (2024). The case of self-care. Journal of Consumer Research, 52(1), 219–242.
● Fisher, J., & Budson, A. E. (2025). Tips to leverage neuroplasticity. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu